睡眠醫學---邪惡軸心 (肥胖、哮喘、睡眠窒息症)
今天肥文(假名)如常回來覆診哮喘,不經不覺原來已認識他廿多年了,他也已由肥仔變成大叔。這些年來肥文不斷增磅,他的哮喘也愈來愈難於處理(1,2) 及多了因哮喘發作入院治療(3)。肥文屬於早發病(early onset asthma)及多附帶特應性疾病(Atopic
diseases)的顯型(4)。他對控制發作藥 (controller)的反應也隨體重不斷增加而下降了(5,6),幸好他對緩解發作藥(reliever)的反應仍算是正常的(7)。
但今天肥文告訴我他新增了許多疑似睡眠窒息症的病徵。看他那龐大身形,其實我一點也不感到意外,只是更擔心他的健康。肥胖、哮喘加睡眠窒息症絕對是一個危機! 肥胖是典型的睡眠窒息症危險因素(8),但原來哮喘也是鮮為人知的打鼻鼾,日間嗜睡甚至是睡眠窒息症的危險因素(9,10,11)。哮喘病的病史長短也與患上睡眠窒息症的風險成正比(12)。另外睡眠窒息症的病人也較多患上哮喘(13,14) ,並且他們的哮喘更容易發作(15),更難控制(16)。無論日與夜,他們的哮喘病徵也較多(17),睡眠窒息症的嚴重程度又同肺功能的衰歇速度有關(18),真叫人怕怕! 一個超大型的研究(包涵179,789位哮喘病人)發現睡眠窒息症會令因發作入院的哮喘病人需要住院更長,需要接受更多入侵性呼吸治療(19)。
說到這處,肥文已嚇得泠汗直冒!我立時安慰他持續正壓機(continuous positive airway
pressure, CPAP) 除了可以治療睡眠窒息症外,亦同時能改善病人的哮喘病徵、減少哮喘發作次數及提昇生活質素(20-22),上述益處尤以中或嚴重哮喘及嚴重睡眠窒息症的病人最明顯(23)。但歸根究底,認真去減肥才能一併幫助哮喘和睡眠窒息症的,肥文即擰檸頭:「講呢D!」
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**為保障個人私隱及達到教育效果,因此文中案例可能由真實及/或虛構病例改編而成***